土地革命战争时期根据地“革命竞赛”的运作模式与实效一基于组织激励视角的分析

• 作者： 徐宇 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  四川大学
• 发布时间：2024-11-26

摘要: 在土地革命战争时期，中国共产党为有效调动广大党员的积极性，在农村革命根据地的党组织中广泛发起和推广“革命竞赛”。“革命竞赛”是如何运作的？这一机制对党组织及根据地产生了何种影响？其背后的激励逻辑是什么？文章对“革命竞赛”的运作模式和实效进行了分析。研究发现，层级化的“结对”竞争机制、绩效与政治荣誉及政治路线挂钩的原则、发挥党员干部模范带头的作用及由内而外的扩散激励方式共同构成了“革命竞赛”的运作模式。通过“革命竞赛”，中国共产党迅速开展了包括党员发展、扩红运动、拥军运动、公债推销、春耕生产等方面在内的工作，各级党组织乃至普通民众都被动员起来，乡村社会被引入革命化的轨道之中。然而，这一机制也不可避免地引发了摊派主义、恶性竞争和过度聚焦等负面影响，对此，中国共产党在不断地纠偏过程中最大程度地发挥着“革命竞赛”的积极作用。“革命竞赛”的激励逻辑在于代表“无产阶级的先锋”这一信念将组织的宏观目标与个体的微观目标统一起来，进而产生强激励并推动了革命事业的发展。本研究有助于我们增强对革命时期党组织激励机制的认识，并进一步深化对中国共产党组织文化的理解。

Abstract: During the Agrarian Revolutionary War, in order to effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses of Party members, the Communist Party of China launched and promoted "revolutionary competitions" in the Party organizations of the rural revolutionary base areas. How does the "race for revolution" work? What is the impact of this mechanism on Party organizations and base areas? What is the incentive logic behind it? This paper analyzes the operation mode and actual effect of "revolutionary competition". It is found that the operation mode of "revolutionary competition" is composed of the hierarchical "pairing" competition mechanism, the principle of linking performance with political honor and political line, the exemplary role of Party members and cadres, and the diffusion incentive mode from inside to outside. Through the "revolutionary competition", the Communist Party of China rapidly carried out the work of recruiting Party members, expanding the Red Movement, supporting the army, promoting bonds, spring farming and other aspects, mobilizing Party organizations at all levels and even ordinary people, and leading rural society into the revolutionary track. However, this mechanism has inevitably led to negative effects such as apportionmentalism, vicious competition and excessive focus, for which the Communist Party of China has played a positive role in "revolutionary competition" to the greatest extent in the process of continuous rectification. The incentive logic of "revolutionary competition" lies in the belief that it represents the "vanguard of the proletariat", which unifies the macro-goal of the organization with the micro-goal of the individual, thus producing strong incentives and promoting the development of the revolutionary cause. This study will help us to enhance our understanding of the incentive mechanism of the Party organization in the revolutionary period, and further deepen our understanding of the organizational culture of the Communist Party of China.

• 来自： 徐宇
• 分类： 中共党史党建学 >> 中共党史党建学
• 说明： 《近代史研究》《中共党史研究》《党史研究与教学》《苏区研究》
• 稿件状态： 已投稿主题征文
征文主题： 平台智声|第一届中共党史党建学高质量学术成果征文
• 引用： PSSXiv:202411.02202 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202411.02202V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202411.02202
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202411.02202
• 推荐引用方式： 徐宇.土地革命战争时期根据地“革命竞赛”的运作模式与实效一基于组织激励视角的分析.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202411.02202.[PSSXiv:202411.02202V1] (点此复制)