对餐饮服务行业女性性骚扰的质性研究——瑞文·康奈尔男性气质理论的视角

• 作者： 高明华 ¹ 张楚晗 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  哈尔滨工程大学-社会学系
• 发布时间：2024-12-17

摘要: 性骚扰既是个人困扰也是公共议题。2023年新修订的《妇女权益保障法》首次对性骚扰做出明确界定，表明了对维护女性权益的重视。既有性骚扰研究关注管理者和下级之间的行为，忽视了来自组织外部和陌生人的骚扰。本研究以餐饮服务行业女性这一群体为研究对象，探讨来自组织外部（即男顾客）的性骚扰。基于对17位餐饮服务行业女性服务员和3位雇主的访谈，研究发现，来自性别、阶层、行业的三重歧视将餐饮服务行业女性置于性别互动中的不利地位。在实践中，餐饮服务行业女性发展出了针对性骚扰的应对策略，但这些策略无法从根本上改善她们的处境。研究讨论了女性的反抗过程，扩展了男性气质理论的相关讨论。文章最后指出，在反性骚扰教育中，首要的不是教导女性如何防范性骚扰，而是男性尊重女性、不进行性骚扰。仰赖道德上的自我约束是过高的要求，最终还是要诉诸制度和司法的惩戒。

Abstract: Sexual harassment is both a personal distress and a public issue. The newly revised Law on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women in 2023 clearly defines sexual harassment for the first time, indicating the importance attached to the protection of women’s rights and interests. Existing sexual harassment research focuses on behavior between managers and subordinates, ignoring harassment from outside the organization and from strangers. This study examines sexual harassment from outside the organization (i.e., male customers) by focusing on women in the food service industry. Based on interviews with 17 female waiters and 3 employers in the foodservice industry, the study found that triple discrimination from gender, class, and industry puts women in the foodservice industry at a disadvantage in gender interactions. In practice, women in the foodservice industry have developed strategies to deal with sexual harassment, but these strategies have not fundamentally improved their situation. The study discusses the process of female rebellion and expands the discussion of masculinity theory. The article concludes by pointing out that in anti-sexual harassment education, the first priority is not to teach women how to prevent sexual harassment, but that men respect women and do not engage in sexual harassment. Relying on moral self-restraint is too demanding, and in the end, it is necessary to resort to institutional and judicial punishment.

• 来自： 张楚晗
• 分类： 社会学
• 稿件状态： 已投稿期刊
• 引用： PSSXiv:202412.00546 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202412.00546V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202412.00546
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202412.00546
• 推荐引用方式： 高明华,张楚晗.对餐饮服务行业女性性骚扰的质性研究——瑞文·康奈尔男性气质理论的视角.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202412.00546.[PSSXiv:202412.00546V1] (点此复制)