马克思恩格斯对朗格社会达尔文主义的 批判及其当代价值

• 作者： 程志波 ¹ 胡恒雪 ²
• 作者单位：
  1.  中国矿业大学马克思主义学院

  2.  江苏省睢宁中等专业学校机电工程系
• 发布时间：2025-01-19

摘要: 十九世纪六七十年代,社会达尔文主义主张的庸俗进化论，在工人运动中引起了极大的思想混乱。为拨乱反正,马克思、恩格斯对朗格等人所主张的社会达尔文主义思想进行了批判,其批判内容主要集中在三个方面:一是批判社会达尔文主义片面强调“生存斗争”规律,从而忽略了人类社会与生物界的本质区别以及“阶级斗争”的社会历史属性;二是批判社会达尔文主义散布“适者生存”论调,麻痹工人接受“天然不适者”的现实;三是揭示社会达尔文主义宣称的“强者统治”背后的“精英统治”“帝国主义”“霸权主义”实质。马克思、恩格斯对朗格社会达尔文主义思想的批判,对于辨别当代社会达尔文主义思潮新形态、抵制不良社会思潮和西方国家意识形态的侵蚀具有重要指导意义。

Abstract: In the 1860s and 1870s, the vulgar theory of evolution advocated by social Darwinism caused great ideological confusion in the workers’ movement. In order to rectify the chaos, Marx and Engels criticized the social Darwinism advocated by Langue and others. Their criticism mainly focused on three aspects: firstly, it criticized the one-sided emphasis on the law of “struggle for survival” in social Darwinism, which ignores the essential differences between human society and the biological world, as well as the social and historical attributes of “class struggle”; secondly, it criticized social Darwinism for spreading the theory of “survival of the fittest” and numbing workers to accept the reality of “natural unsuitability”; the third was to reveal the essence of  “elite rule”, “imperialism”, and “hegemonism” behind the “rule of the strong” claimed by social Darwinism. The criticism of Langue’s social Darwinism by Marx and Engels has important guiding significance for identifying new forms of contemporary social Darwinism, resisting the erosion of negative social trends and western ideologies.
 

• 分类： 哲学 >> 马克思主义哲学
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《江苏海洋大学学报（人文社会科学版）》 2025年 第1期
• 引用： PSSXiv:202501.01923 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202501.01923V1)
  DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2096-8256.2025.01.004
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202501.01923
• 推荐引用方式： 程志波，胡恒雪.马克思恩格斯对朗格社会达尔文主义的 批判及其当代价值[J].江苏海洋大学学报（人文社会科学版），2025，23（1）：31-39. (点此复制)