匮乏和创造：抗战时期八路军设计活动的特征研究

• 作者： 黄厚石 ¹
• 作者单位：
• 发布时间：2025-02-17

摘要: 为了更好地发展八路军、支持抗日，解放区尤其是陕甘宁边区开展了轰轰烈烈的
大生产运动。八路军是真正的人民子弟兵，很多军人干部都拥有丰富的生产制造经验，因
此他们能够很快地实现从战斗到生产的身份转型，并在设计和生产工作中发挥重要的作用。
在当时陕甘宁边区的环境下，由于生产材料种类和数量的匮乏，八路军的设计者们不得不
尽量挖掘现有生产材料的潜力，做到“一物多用”和“物尽其用”。尤其是一些金属材料
的不足，导致八路军设计者使用“另物替换”的材料置换方式，创造出各种颇具创造力的
“土产品”。虽然这些土法上马的设计方式具有一定的临时性，但是却非常因地制宜地满
足了困难时期边区的基本物质需求。本文认为，陕甘宁边区匮乏的环境反而激发了八路军
设计活动中的创造力，并推动了设计类型的多样化发展。而且，这种带有“绿色设计”特
征的设计方法在今天并不过时。这种自下而上发生的设计创造，符合当时的社会环境和自
然环境，有效地提升了八路军的生存能力和战斗能力。更为重要的是，这些自下而上发生
的集体性创造不仅体现了设计中的“适合性法则”，而且逐渐形成了中共部队的创造性设
计传统。

Abstract: In order to better develop the Eighth Route Army and support the resistance against
Japan, various liberated areas, especially the Shan-Gan-Ning Border Region, carried out
vigorous large-scale production movements. The Eighth Route Army are the soldiers from the
people, and many soldier have rich experience in production and manufacturing. Therefore, they
can quickly transform from combating to producing and play an important role in designing and
producting work. In the environment of the Shan-Gan-Ning Border Region at that time, due to
the scarcity of types and quantities of production materials, the designers of the Eighth Route
Army had to try their best to tap into the potential of existing production materials, achieving
the goals of "multiple uses of one material" and "maximizing the use of materials". Especially
due to the shortage of some metal materials, the designers of the Eighth Route Army used
the method of "substitution" to create various creative "local products". Although these local
methods of designing have a certain degree of temporality, they are tailored to meet the basic
material needs of the border areas during the difficult times.
This article argues that the scarce environment in the Shan-Gan-Ning Border Region
actually stimulated creativity in the design activities of the Eighth Route Army and promoted
the diversified development of design types. Moreover, this design method with "green design"
features is not outdated today. This bottom-up design creation was in line with the social and
natural environment of the time, effectively enhancing the survival and combat capabilities of
the Eighth Route Army. More importantly, these collective creations that occur from bottom
to top not only reflect the "suitability rule" in design, but also gradually construct the creative
design tradition of the Communist Party of China's military forces.

• 分类： 艺术学 >> 设计艺术学
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《当代美术家》 2025年 第1期
• 引用： PSSXiv:202502.00878 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202502.00878V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202502.00878
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv202502.00878
• 推荐引用方式： 黄厚石.匮乏和创造：抗战时期八路军设计活动的特征研究.当代美术家,2025(1).[PSSXiv:202502.00878V1] (点此复制)