“两个大局”背景下我国大学生美国观研究

• 作者： 刘骞 ¹ 谢姝瑶 ²
• 作者单位：
  1.  同济大学形势与政策教研室

  2.  湖南机电职业技术学院马克思主义学院
• 发布时间：2025-03-04

摘要: 当前，我国大学生对美国的认知开始呈现出一些新的变化和新的特点，即整体印象分化、好感度下降、关注内容碎片化，以及认知态度的客观和自信。究其原因，从认知客体上看，美国的国际竞争优势表现越明显的领域，我国大学生对美国“正面”认知就越容易形成；从认知载体因素上看，媒体因素对大学生美国认知的“内容”具有较强的影响，但对大学生对美国的认知“态度”方面影响较弱；从认知主体因素上看，大学生美国的知识积累越多，对美国认知的态度就越理性；对美国的个人兴趣和需求越强，对美国认知的态度就会更多表现出感性的意义；成长环境和家庭教育越“亲美”，对美国的认知态度则更积极。而且，按照认知态度的倾向性与代表性，大学生美国观可以总结为四种，其中，“共有理性”美国观是一种客观且理性的美国观，值得提倡；“共有感性”美国观是最多见的一种美国观，但具有不稳定的特点，应积极引导；“个体理性”美国观对美国的认识表现出不准确、不够“不健康”的特点，必须予以纠正；“个体感性”美国观则表现出了一种对待美国“极端”态度和行为，需要重点干预。

Abstract: China’s college students’ cognition of the United States (COUS) has assumed new changes and features: general impressions are divided, favorable opinions have fallen, focuses have become fragmented, and their cognitive attitudes seem more objective and self-confident. From the perspective of the cognitive object, it is easier to see the “positive” cognition in the area where the U. S. has the leading international competitive advantage. From the perspective of the cognitive carrier, media factors have a more decisive influence on the “content” of the COUS but less impact on their “attitude”. From the perspective of the cognitive subject, the more knowledge about the U. S. accumulated by college students, the more rational their attitudes toward the COUS are. And, if someone is interested or has interests in the U. S., their COUS will present much more emotionally. Besides, the pro-American growth environment and home education are more likely to shape the  “positive” COUS. Based on the tendency and representativeness of cognitive attitudes, China’s college students’ COUS can be divided into four types: shared rationality, shared irrationality, individual rationality, and individual irrationality. The shared rationality cases seem more objective and rational, so they should be encouraged. The shared irrationality cases are too emotional and unstable, so they should be guided. The individual rationality cases present misconceptions about the U.S., so they must be corrected. The individual irrationality cases show extreme attitudes and behaviors toward the U.S., so they have to be intervened.

• 来自： 刘骞
• 分类： 马克思主义理论 >> 思想政治教育
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202503.00183 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202503.00183V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202503.00183
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv202503.00183
• 推荐引用方式： 刘骞,谢姝瑶.“两个大局”背景下我国大学生美国观研究.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202503.00183.[PSSXiv:202503.00183V1] (点此复制)