“灌输”与“觉悟”：解放战争时期陕甘宁边区土地改革运动中农民阶级意识的塑造

• 作者： 李雪健 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  陕西师范达马克思主义学院
• 通讯作者： 李雪健 
• 发布时间：2025-03-25

摘要: 解放战争时期，中国共产党领导的土地改革运动不仅是生产关系的深刻变革，更是一场波及广泛的社会意识革新。在陕甘宁边区土地改革运动中，中国共产党通过思想教育、宣传动员以及基层干部教育等组织化灌输手段，植入阶级斗争话语框架，初步唤醒农民的阶级意识；继而通过诉苦大会催生阶级情感、划成分建构阶级身份、斗地主增强阶级认同及分配果实稳固阶级意识，促使农民在亲身化参与中完成阶级意识的实践内化。这种意识形塑过程展现出显著的三维效应：在物质层面体现为农民积极投入生产以支援前线，在参与层面表现为参军热潮和政治参与度的提升，在认同层面则表现为情感和行动上对党的认同。农民阶级意识的塑造既是“翻身”农民主动争取当家作主的实践尝试，也为中国共产党执政奠定了重要的合法性基础。

Abstract: During the War of Liberation, the land reform movement led by the Communist Party of China was not only a profound change in production relations, but also an extensive social consciousness innovation. In the land reform movement in the Shaan-Gansu-Ningxia border area, the Communist Party of China implanted the discourse framework of class struggle through ideological education, propaganda and mobilization, grass-roots cadre education and other organizational indoctrination means, and initially awakened the class consciousness of farmers. Then, through the complaining conference, the class emotion is promoted, the class identity is constructed by dividing the components, the class identity is enhanced by fighting the landlord, and the class consciousness is secured by distributing the fruits, so as to promote the practical internalization of the class consciousness in the personal participation of farmers. This process of consciousness shaping shows a significant three-dimensional effect: on the material level, it is reflected in the active participation of farmers in production to support the front line, on the participation level, it is reflected in the enthusiasm of joining the army and the improvement of political participation, and on the identification level, it is reflected in the emotional and operational identification with the Party. The shaping of peasant class consciousness is not only the practical attempt of "turning over" peasants to take the initiative to fight for the master of their own country, but also lays an important legal foundation for the ruling of the Communist Party of China.

• 来自： 李雪健
• 分类： 中共党史党建学 >> 中国共产党历史
• 稿件状态： 已投稿期刊
• 引用： PSSXiv:202503.02618 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202503.02618V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202503.02618
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202503.02618
• 推荐引用方式： 李雪健.“灌输”与“觉悟”：解放战争时期陕甘宁边区土地改革运动中农民阶级意识的塑造.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202503.02618.[PSSXiv:202503.02618V1] (点此复制)