“圃者拒机”寓意新解

• 作者： 石超 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  中国石油大学（华东）
• 通讯作者： 石超 
• 发布时间：2025-03-25

摘要: “圃者拒机”寓言中的汉阴丈人之言行，其实与《庄子》的主体思想格格不入。与其说他是该篇作者立论的代言人，毋宁说是全书之中要被作者所大力批判的反面之典型。原因有三：因为他“抱瓮羞”而不“抱神游世”，这一表现既不符合道的“无所不在”，更违反了“齐‘物论””与“逍遥游”之宗旨，此其一。其二，虽然寓言之中“机械→机事→机心”的技术对人的异化作用是作者的深刻洞见，但从寓言作品全局的高度分析，其在此洞见的基础之上提出的“全德之人”所运用的“执道一德全→形全→神全→与民并行→以游世俗”的“圣人之道”，才是更为宝贵的克制异化的法宝，也才是该篇寓言真正想要向世人传达之主旨。其三，“圃者拒机”的作者对另一种“圣人之道”，即世俗与儒家的技器观，也不是要进行彻底地批判与决绝地抛弃，而是将其首先视作是人们不得不借以生存于世的必要前提或手段，进而对其采取一种“道化”的眼光，并以包容的姿态对其实现了吸纳、转化与超越。总之，重新解读“圃者拒机”之寓意，不仅有助于廊清当前学界关于庄子乃至整个道家技术哲学研究中的诸多误读，而且可以为今人“与世偕行”“与时俱化”地适应技术的日新月异提供古老而有效的道家智慧。

Abstract: The words and deeds of the Hanin man（汉阴丈人） in the fable of “The Nurseryman Refuses the Machine” are in fact incompatible with the main idea of Zhuangzi. Instead of being the spokesman for the author’s thesis, he is rather the antithesis of the whole book to be vigorously criticized by the author. There are three reasons for this: because his performance of “holding the urn and shying away from the pulleys” instead of “holding the spirit of transcendence and freely traveling to the secular world” is not in line with “the omnipresence of Tao in all things”（道的无所不在）. It also violates the tenets of “homogenize theories about things”（齐“物论”） and “freely traveling”（逍遥游）, for one thing. Secondly, although the alienating effect of technology on human beings in the parable of “Mechanisms（机械）→Mechanisms to deal efficiently with problems（机事）→Mechanisms of the mind in general（机心）” is a profound insight of the author, However, analyzed from the height of the overall situation of the parable, the “Way of the Sage”——“Enforcing the Tao → Access to true nature → Getting the whole body → Acquiring the spirit of transcendence → Living with the general population →  Free to exist in this world”（“执道→德全→形全→神全→与民并行→以游世俗”）——which is put forward by the “Man of Perfect Virtue” on the basis of the insight. It is the more valuable weapon to restrain alienation, and it is also the main true meaning that the parable really wants to convey to the world. Thirdly, the author of “The Nurseryman Refuses the Machine” is not trying to criticize and discard completely the other “Way of the Sage”, i.e., the secular and Confucian view of technology and weaponry, Rather, it is first regarded as a necessary precondition or means by which people have to survive in the world, and then adopt a "Taoist" vision of it, and realize absorption, transformation and transcendence with an attitude of tolerance, In conclusion, reinterpreting the meaning of “the nurseryman refuses the machine” will not only help to clear up the many misinterpretations in the current academic research on Zhuangzi and even the entire Taoist philosophy of technology, Moreover, it can provide ancient and effective Taoist wisdom for today’s people to adapt to the rapid changes of new technologies.

• 来自： 石超
• 分类： 哲学 >> 中国哲学
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202503.02634 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202503.02634V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202503.02634
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202503.02634
• 推荐引用方式： 石超.“圃者拒机”寓意新解.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202503.02634.[PSSXiv:202503.02634V1] (点此复制)