《老子》“大器之成”异文异义考辨诠解

• 作者： 石超 ¹ 张孟泽 ²
• 作者单位：
  1.  中国石油大学（华东）

  2.  北京师范大学
• 通讯作者： 石超 
• 发布时间：2025-04-01

摘要: 传世本《老子》“大器晚成”句，随着帛书本、竹简本，以及北大本的相继问世，其文字呈现形式增加了“大器免成”“大器曼成”和“大器勉成”三种异文。学界据此而展开的各种诠释，又可归纳出七种异义，分别是“大器晚成”说、“大器免成”说、“大器免盛”说、“大器䟂成”说、“大器惰成”说、“大器勉成”说，以及“异文同源”说。而对以上诸说进行归纳，并配合历代诠解的梳理，又可得出三大意义系统，分别是“大器有成”系统，“大器无成”系统，以及“有无兼具”系统。从老子哲学几乎具有无限诠释空间的立场出发，“大器之成”诸种异文与异义，其实均具有其各自不容被否定的思想合理性与存在合法性。以此为前提来看，目前学界相关研究成果所普遍呈现出的“定于一尊而是此非彼”的理论倾向就多少显得有失偏颇，这样一种思维定势不仅不利于我们更为全面、系统地把握老子哲学，亦会阻碍我们对于老子哲学的创造性转化与创新性发展。有鉴于此，以更为宏观、包容的视角重新看待“大器之成”句的各项异文异义，并进一步挖掘其间可能存在的更深层次的逻辑关系，或可有助于推进我们对老子哲学的认识。而由此得出的老子“成器之道”中的造物思想，恰可转化为新时代弘扬工匠精神的重要传统文化资源。

Abstract: With the emergence of the silk book LaoZi, the bamboo manuscript LaoZi, and the Peking University manuscript of LaoZi, three distinct textual forms have been added, such as " Da Qi Mian(免) Cheng ", " Da Qi Man(曼) Cheng ", and " Da Qi Mian(勉) Cheng". According to various interpretations of the academic community, seven different theories can be summarized: the theory of " Da Qi Wan(晚) Cheng ", the theory of " Da Qi Mian(免) Cheng ", the theory of " Da Qi Mian(免) Cheng(盛)", the theory of " Da Qi Man(䟂) Cheng ", the theory of "Da Qi Duo(惰) Cheng", the theory of "Da Qi Mian(勉)Cheng", and the theory of "homology of different texts". By summarizing the above, three major systems can be sorted out, namely, the "great instrument has success" system, the "great instrument has nothing" system, and the "both having and not having" system. From a perspective that recognizes unlimited possibilities for interpreting LaoZi’s philosophy, it is important to acknowledge that all variations in texts and meanings related to the accomplishment of great instrument possess theoretical rationality and legitimacy which cannot be denied. Based on this premise, the current tendency within relevant scholars in academia to fixate on one interpretation over others may be somewhat biased. This bias not only hinders our comprehensive understanding and systematic grasp of LaoZi’s philosophy, but also impedes our creative transformation and innovative development thereof. Therefore,re-examining different texts and meanings from a macroscopic perspective, and further interpreting possible deeper logical relations between them, may prove beneficial for gaining a more profound understanding of Laozi’s philosophy. The concepts put forth by Laozi regarding "handicraft activity" and "handicraft cultivation" can serve as valuable traditional cultural resources for promoting craftsmanship spirit in contemporary times.

• 来自： 石超
• 分类： 哲学 >> 中国哲学
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202504.00084 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202504.00084V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202504.00084
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202504.00084
• 推荐引用方式： 石超,张孟泽.《老子》“大器之成”异文异义考辨诠解.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202504.00084.[PSSXiv:202504.00084V1] (点此复制)