孔子，孟懿子和樊迟——对于《论语》13.4的解读

• 作者： 倪豪士 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  威斯康辛大学
• 发布时间：2025-04-14

摘要: 在《论语》13.4中，孔子严责樊迟问农，斥其为“小人”。对此，学界或认为孔子意在批评以农业自给为理想的原始主义倾向；或在强调不应为实用之利舍弃更高的伦理追求。本文通过溯源《论语》其他相关章节（如2.5和2.6）、参考孟氏家族政治背景和历代注解、引用森舸澜（Edward Slingerland）等汉学家的翻译和注释，揭示孔子对樊迟的谴责并非无端，而是与早先强调礼仪德行、规正权贵以返道德正轨相呼应。孔子始终在告诫士人要避免专注于物质而忽略道德修养与治国之道，其教学旨归在于使统治者和士人皆以德行为本。作者希望通过如此解读凸显《论语》文本丰富而多义的特质，以及历代学者在诠释此类充满歧义的经典章句时持续不断的探讨与思考。

Abstract: In Analects 13.4, Confucius harshly rebukes Fan Chi for inquiring about farming, calling him a “petty man” (xiaoren). Scholars have offered various interpretations: some view this as a criticism of primitivist tendencies that idealize agricultural self-sufficiency, while others see it as a warning against sacrificing higher ethical aspirations for the sake of practical gain. By tracing connections to other relevant passages in the Analects (such as 2.5 and 2.6), examining the political background of the Meng lineage, consulting a range of historical commentaries, and drawing on interpretations by sinologists like Edward Slingerland, this study shows that Confucius’ reprimand is not arbitrary. Instead, it aligns with his earlier teachings on ritual propriety, moral virtue, and the correction of powerful elites. Throughout, Confucius consistently urges intellectuals to avoid fixating on material concerns at the expense of moral cultivation and good governance, with the ultimate aim of ensuring that rulers and scholars alike are guided by virtue. By offering this reading, the author seeks to highlight the richness and multivalence of the Analects, as well as the ongoing scholarly debate and reflection that have arisen in attempts to interpret its often enigmatic passages.

• 分类： 中国语言文学 >> 中国古典文献学 世界汉学
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《世界汉学》 2024年 第卷 第期
• 引用： PSSXiv:202504.01877 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202504.01877V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202504.01877
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202504.01877
• 推荐引用方式： 倪豪士.孔子，孟懿子和樊迟——对于《论语》13.4的解读.世界汉学.[PSSXiv:202504.01877V1] (点此复制)