功利主义视角下西方福利经济学中的效用理论流变

• 作者： 杜丽群 ¹ 康迎 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  北京大学-经济学院
• 发布时间：2025-04-25

摘要: 西方福利经济学起源于功利主义道德学说和边际效用价值学说。旧福利经济学和新福利经济学继承功利主义传统，其效用理论在革新中流变。对价值判断客观性的追求，使效用计量方法在基数论和序数论之间转变；对效用的人际间可比性的讨论，则意味着在个体效用和总量效用之间做出选择。现代福利经济学逐渐抛弃了功利主义哲学基础，对效用理论进行了多元化的改良、拓展甚至重构，在个人福利和社会福利、平等与正义理念、信息与权利等方面创造了新的理论框架，进行了大量的功利主义伦理和实践讨论，效用也不再是衡量福利的必要标准。在功利主义视角下考察福利经济学中效用理论的流变，有助于厘清现代效用理论的发展脉络，辩证看待西方功利主义思想的本质和现实意义。

Abstract: Western welfare economics originated from utilitarian ethics and the theory of marginal utility value. Old welfare economics and new welfare economics inherited the utilitarian tradition, with their utility theories evolving through innovation. The pursuit of objectivity in value judgment led to a shift in utility measurement methods between cardinalism and ordinalism; discussions on the interpersonal comparability of utility implied choices between individual utility and aggregate utility. Modern welfare economics gradually abandoned the utilitarian philosophical foundation, and the utility theory underwent diversified improvements, expansions, and even reconstructions. New theoretical frameworks were created in aspects such as individual welfare and social welfare, equality and justice, information and rights. Extensive utilitarian ethical and practical discussions were conducted, and utility is no longer a necessary criterion for measuring welfare. Examining the evolution of utility theory in welfare economics from a utilitarian perspective helps to clarify the development trajectory of modern utility theory and dialectically understand the essence and practical significance of Western utilitarian thought.

• 来自： 康迎
• 分类： 理论经济学 >> 政治经济学
• 稿件状态： 已投稿期刊
• 引用： PSSXiv:202504.03113 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202504.03113V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202504.03113
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202504.03113
• 推荐引用方式： 杜丽群,康迎.功利主义视角下西方福利经济学中的效用理论流变.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202504.03113.[PSSXiv:202504.03113V1] (点此复制)