动员、需要与自愿：陕甘宁边区冬学运动的困境与应对

• 作者： 张雨新 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  西安医学院
• 发布时间：2025-04-28

摘要: 1944年陕甘宁边区文教大会前，区、乡基层干部采取包办代替、强迫命令等简单动员方式，群众有埋怨；干部对冬学宣传不够，成年和青年农民参加冬学比例不高，出现了政府和群众均不满意的两难处境。文教大会确立了民办公助和尊重群众的需求和自愿原则，但由于基层干部把冬学当作冬季征粮、自卫军冬训的附带工作，重视程度不够，对政策理解有偏差，导致实践中出现民不办、公不管的困境。边区政府发布指示要求各级政府和干部重视冬学工作，同时提出冬学要和冬季其他工作相互配合的工作思路，在文教工作中建立统一战线，调动各方积极因素，推动了边区冬学运动走上了正轨。

Abstract: Before the 1944 Cultural and Educational Conference in the Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region, grassroots cadres at the district and township levels employed simple mobilization methods such as substitution and coercion, leading to mass complaints. There was insufficient promotion of winter education by the cadres, resulting in a low participation rate of adult and young farmers in winter education, leading to a dilemma where neither the government nor the people were satisfied. The conference established the principles of private assistance and respect for the needs and voluntarism of the masses. Due to the perception of winter education as a secondary task to be completed alongside winter grain collection and self-defense force training by grassroots cadres, there was a lack of emphasis and proper understanding of policies, resulting in a situation where the people were not organized, and the government was not providing adequate supervision.The regional government issued directives requiring governments at all levels and cadres to prioritize winter education while also proposing a work approach that winter education should be coordinated with other winter tasks, establishing a united front in cultural and educational work, mobilizing various positive factors, and promoting the winter education movement in the border region onto the right track.

• 来自： 张雨新
• 分类： 历史学 >> 中国近现代史
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202504.03350 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202504.03350V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202504.03350
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202504.03350
• 推荐引用方式： 张雨新.动员、需要与自愿：陕甘宁边区冬学运动的困境与应对.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202504.03350.[PSSXiv:202504.03350V1] (点此复制)