从“法律真空”到“正义诉求”：国际法如何应对气候难民保护挑战？

• 作者： 贺德财 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  南京航空航天大学
• 发布时间：2025-05-21

摘要: 当前气候难民保护困境根植于国际法体系与环境危机的结构性错位。而既有研究困于《关于难民地位公约》的文本局限，无法回应气候损害责任的弥散性对因果逻辑关系认定的根本挑战。环境权语境下的“迫害”可扩张性解释为主权国家气候不作为引发的，对公民权利的系统性剥夺。区域性软法实践虽通过降低保护标准弱化“人为迫害”要件，但也始终受困于跨境安置的强制约束问题；而人权机构借助对生存权的扩张解释而确立的“可能性威胁”标准，也通过判例法路径连接起了气候归责的因果关系链条。该研究创新体现为双重理论突破：其一，以原国籍人的存续权为起点，将“环境依附型社群”列入特定群体识别框架，为生态依存关系断裂纳入可诉性损害范畴做基础；其二，推动气候损害补偿从政治道义向法律义务的制度化转化。研究区域性强制配额机制的义务分配功能，化解主权优位原则对气候难民跨境保护的分散压制，为弥合法律真空与矫正正义的鸿沟开辟可行路径。

Abstract: The current climate refugee protection dilemma is rooted in the structural dislocation between the international law system and the environmental crisis. However, the existing studies are trapped in the text limitations of the Convention on the Status of Refugees, which can not respond to the fundamental challenge of the dispersion of climate damage liability to the determination of causal logic. The expansibility of "persecution" in the context of environmental rights is interpreted as the systematic deprivation of civil rights caused by the climate inaction of sovereign States. Regional soft law practice weakens the element of "human persecution" by lowering the standard of protection, but it is always trapped in the compulsory constraints of cross-border resettlement; and the standard of "possible threat" established by human rights institutions with the help of the expansion of the interpretation of the right to life also connects the causal chain of climate imputation through the case law path. The innovation of this study is embodied in dual theoretical breakthroughs: firstly, starting from the survival right of the original nationality, the "environmentally dependent community" is included in the identification framework of specific groups, which lays the foundation for the inclusion of ecological dependence rupture into the scope of actionable damage; secondly, it promotes the institutionalization transformation of climate damage compensation from political morality to legal obligations. This paper studies the obligation distribution function of regional compulsory quota mechanism, resolves the decentralized suppression of the principle of sovereignty priority on cross-border protection of climate refugees, and opens up a feasible path to bridge the gap between legal vacuum and corrective justice.

• 来自： 贺德财
• 分类： 法学 >> 国际法学
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202505.01735 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202505.01735V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202505.01735
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202505.01735
• 推荐引用方式： 贺德财.从“法律真空”到“正义诉求”：国际法如何应对气候难民保护挑战？.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202505.01735.[PSSXiv:202505.01735V1] (点此复制)