依附·困境·转型·重构：中共山东地下机关设置的调适（1921—1940）

• 作者： 扈保邕 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  山东师范大学
• 发布时间：2025-06-06

摘要: 1921年至1940年，中共山东地下机关的设置经历了动态调适的复杂历程，其演变既受中央政策指导，亦深度嵌入山东特殊的地域政治与社会经济环境。建党初期，山东共产党机关依托教育机构以寄生形式低成本运行；国共合作时期借助国民党资源实现半公开设置。1927年国共合作破裂，山东党组织机关被迫转入地下，却陷入传统路径依赖与组织风险、经费不足的矛盾。1931年，山东党组织尝试通过机关家庭化与党员职业化降低机关暴露风险并重塑群众联系，但因“左”倾路线与群众基础薄弱收效甚微。直至1936年黎玉重建省委后提出精简机关人员与架构，注重公开工作与秘密工作的区分，转变地下工作的任务以及利用公开、半公开革命团体进行党的活动才得以实现山东地下机关设置的系统性重构。

Abstract: From 1921 to 1940, the establishment and adaptation of the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) underground organizations in Shandong underwent a complex process of dynamic adjustments. These adaptations were shaped both by directives from the CCP Central Committee and by Shandong’s unique regional political and socioeconomic environment. In the early years of the CCP’s establishment, Party organs in Shandong relied on educational institutions for low-cost operations in a parasitic mode. During the period of the First United Front (1924–1927), they leveraged Nationalist Party resources to achieve a semi-public institutional presence. Following the collapse of the First United Front in 1927, Shandong Party organizations were forced to operate underground, yet struggled with contradictions between traditional path dependency, organizational risks, and inadequate funding. In 1931, the Shandong Party attempted to mitigate exposure risks and rebuild mass connections through household-based organizational models and professionalized Party membership. However, limited success was achieved due to internal "leftist" tendencies and weak grassroots support. It was not until 1936, when Li Yu reorganized the Provincial Committee and implemented measures such as streamlining personnel and organizational structures, emphasizing the distinction between overt and covert operations, redefining underground tasks, and leveraging open and semi-open revolutionary groups, that a systematic reconstruction of Shandong’s underground organizational framework was realized.

• 来自： 扈保邕
• 分类： 中共党史党建学 >> 中共党史党建学
• 稿件状态： 已投稿主题征文
征文主题： 平台智声|推进当代中国马克思主义研究：理论与方法创新主题征文
• 引用： PSSXiv:202506.00518 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202506.00518V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202506.00518
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202506.00518
• 推荐引用方式： 扈保邕.依附·困境·转型·重构：中共山东地下机关设置的调适（1921—1940）.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202506.00518.[PSSXiv:202506.00518V1] (点此复制)