声誉罚的梯度构造

• 作者： 王瑞雪 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  南开大学法学院
• 发布时间：2024-04-11

摘要: 声誉罚是行政主体通过对外披露相对人违法行为来贬损其名誉以达到惩戒目标的处罚种类。基于行政主体在污名与负面信息扩散等方面主动作用程度的差异，声誉罚有可能渐次作用于相对人的精神、名誉.财产和资格。声誉罚梯度自下而上共三个层级，分别是以客观披露与克制批评为核心的单一式声誉罚、高度汇聚违法信息或广泛扩展披露渠道的集合式声誉罚、将负面评价加诸行为人而非违法行为的标签式声誉罚。为确保处罚决定的合法性，行政主体应当优先选择更为温和的声誉罚形式。为兼顾过罚相当与合理威慑目标，行政主体须将违法者和违法行为的异质性纳入裁量因素，并将欺骗类、侵犯他人信息和名誉权益的违法行为与更加严厉的声誉罚形式相匹配。

Abstract: Reputation penalty is an important kind of administrative penalty. The government realizes the purposeof punishment by disclosing, illegal behaviors information. The government has great discretion in spreadingnegative information about enterprises and individuals. The reputation penalty may affect the rights and inter-ests of spirit, reputation, property and qualification. The hierarchy of the reputation penalty consists of threelevels firom bottom to top, namely, “prudent reputation penalty characterized by objective disclosure and re-straint of criticism; “collective Reputation penalty of highly gathering illegal information or widely expandingdisclosure channels; and “label reputation penalty” that imposes negative evaluation on the offender ratherthan the illegal act. The government should prioritize choosing moderate forms of reputation penalty and ad-here to the principle of proportionality. In order to balance the goal of “suiting penalty to fault” and “reasona-ble deterrence”, on the one hand, the govemmment should consider the difference in the degree of influence ofreputation penalty on offenders; on the other hand, the government should take more severe reputation penal-ty for the illegal acts of cheating and infringing on others’information and reputation.

• 分类： 法学
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《法学家》 2024年 第2期
• 转载期刊： 复印报刊资料《宪法学、行政法学》 2024年 第9期
• 引用： PSSXiv:202404.00050 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202404.00050V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202404.00050
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202404.00050
• 推荐引用方式： 王瑞雪.声誉罚的梯度构造.法学家,2024(2).[PSSXiv:202404.00050V1] (点此复制)