《格萨尔》戏剧文化的起源、类型与特征

• 作者： 索加本 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  青海民族大学藏学院
• 发布时间：2024-06-17

摘要: 摘 要：藏传佛教的“羌姆”和藏族民间戏剧、说唱故事的历史久远、流传广泛，能体现藏族姿态艺术的精粹。史诗 《格萨尔》产生的年代大概是11世纪末和12世纪初，晚于藏族“羌姆”和民间藏戏、吐蕃早期说唱表演“仲”等， 特别是《格萨尔》戏剧晚于藏戏“阿姐拉姆”等藏族戏剧，因此，这三种表演形式是产生《格萨尔》戏剧的文化 基础和学理支撑。在早期藏族戏剧艺术文化基础上，《格萨尔》剧目现在发展到宗教跳神式的《格萨尔》羌姆、舞 台《格萨尔》藏戏、《格萨尔》马背藏戏等多种类型。主要特征是，《格萨尔》羌姆表演时伴奏音乐十分简便，音  乐伴奏通常用寺院羌姆的乐器，有寺院羌姆特征；《格萨尔》舞台藏戏本身是对传统八大藏戏的一种超越，它具有 独特的语言风格，因为《格萨尔》是说唱叙述体，保留了史诗的语言特点，曲多白少，以唱腔和身段表演情节， 以故事的诗意构成，唱词的曲调构成，搭配成《格萨尔》藏戏一个特殊的舞台风貌；《格萨尔》马背藏戏主要特 征是马背上完成赛马技艺表演，其圆场、绕场和过场等均在戏剧广场的外缘，或借助崇山峻岭、河边草地、湖岸沙滩等场地骑在马上展开表演。

Abstract: Abstract:Tibetan  Buddhism's“Cham”and  Tibetan  folk  drama  and  rap  stories  have  a  long  history  and  spread  widely,which can reflect the essence of Tibetan gesture art.The epic Gesar was produced at the end of the  11th century and the beginning of the  12th  century,later  than the  Tibetan“Qiangm”and folk Tibetan opera,the early Tibetan rap performance“Zhong”,especially  the  drama  of  Gesar  was  later  than  the  Tibetan  drama“Ajie  Ram”.Therefore,these three forms of performance are the cultural foundation and academic support for the drama of Gesar.On the basis of the early Tibetan drama art and culture,the repertoire of Gesar has now developed into a variety of types,such as the religious jumping type Gesar Qiangm,the stage Tibetan opera of Gesar,and the Tibetan opera of Gesar on horseback. The main feature is that the accompaniment music of the“Gesar”Qiangm performance is very simple,and the musical accompaniment usually uses the musical instruments of the temple Qiangm,which has the characteristics of the temple Qiangm.The stage Tibetan opera of Gesar itself is a transcendence of the eight traditional Tibetan operas,and it has a  unique language style,because Gesar is a rapping narrative style,which retains the linguistic characteristics of epic.It  has more tures,less dialogues.The plot is performed with singing style and body,and the poctic composition of the story and the melody of the lyrics form a special stage style of Gesar Tibetan opera.The performance of Gesar on horseback  is mainly ceremonial and dramatic.It is a real scene performance,but it is not constrained by space.Running round the stage,circling round the stage and passing stage are all performed on the outer edge of the drama square or with the help of mountains,riverside meadow lakeside beach,and riding on horses.

• 分类： 艺术学 >> 戏剧戏曲学
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《青海师范大学学报（社会科学版）》 2024年 第2期 “青藏高原文化”专栏
• 引用： PSSXiv:202406.00336 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202406.00336V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202406.00336
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202406.00336
• 推荐引用方式： 索加本.《格萨尔》戏剧文化的起源、类型与特征.青海师范大学学报（社会科学版）,2024(2).[PSSXiv:202406.00336V1] (点此复制)