注意缺陷多动儿童时间感知：表征与机制

• 作者： 余习德 ¹ 王雨函 ¹ 冼土龙 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  广东技术师范大学
• 通讯作者： 余习德 
• 发布时间：2024-09-03

摘要: 众所周知，时间感知缺陷是注意缺陷/多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD)儿童的典型行为特征。越来越多的实证研究表明，ADHD 儿童的时间感知缺陷存在一些有必要深究的新特点，具体为：相对于正常发育儿童，(1)时间加工中的客观时距“大小效应”更强；(2)综合 ADHD 儿童的短时距加工能力，受损更严重；(3)时间加工缺陷不受药物治疗的影响。基于文献梳理，“阶段模型”“行为抑制”“平行网络”与“延迟厌恶“理论，能对 ADHD 儿童时间感知缺陷的多样性特征予以机理性阐释。值得注意的是，ADHD儿童也保留了一些正常的时间感知特征。比如，亚秒级时间感知表现、听觉时间估计能力相对完好，先天 vs.后天、连续 vs.阶段性等发展性表现，趋近于同龄正常发育儿童。

Abstract: It is widely recognized that “time perception deficit” is a characteristic behavioral trait commonly observed in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). An increasing number of empirical studies have revealed the existence of novel aspects pertaining to time perception deficits in children with ADHD, necessitating further investigation. Specifically, when compared to typically developing (TD) children, (1) there is a heightened manifestation of the “objective time interval size effect” during time processing; (2) the short-term processing ability of “complex ADHD children” exhibits more severe impairment; and (3) drug treatment does not significantly impact time processing impairments. Drawing upon literature review, theoretical frameworks such as the “stage model,”“behavioral inhibition,”“parallel network,” and “delay aversion” offer mechanistic explanations for the diverse nature of time perception deficits in children with ADHD. Notably, it should be acknowledged that certain normal features related to time perception are retained by individuals with ADHD; for instance, their abilities in sub-second time perception and auditory time estimation remain relatively intact. Furthermore, their performance aligns closely with that of typically developing peers concerning innate versus acquired factors and continuous versus stage-based developmental patterns.

• 来自： 余习德
• 分类： 心理学 >> 发展与教育心理学
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202409.00084 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202409.00084V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202409.00084
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202409.00084
• 推荐引用方式： 余习德,王雨函,冼土龙.注意缺陷多动儿童时间感知：表征与机制.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202409.00084.[PSSXiv:202409.00084V1] (点此复制)