数据跨境流动规制的国家安全考量

• 作者： 徐朝雨 ¹ 王伟 ²
• 作者单位：
  1.  中国人民公安大学国家安全学院

  2.  清华大学法学院知识产权法研究中心
• 发布时间：2024-11-25

摘要: 数据跨境流动推动了数字经济的蓬勃发展，但无序的数据流动却会招致国家安全风险，已引起多个法域立法者的高度重视与积极应对。美欧以直接限制措施为主，辅之以外国投资安全审查和出口管制，实践中形成了较为成熟的平衡数据跨境流动经济利益和国家安全的方法，但却有国家安全过度泛化以致阻碍合理数据流动的弊端。国际经贸投资协定通过扩张解释WTO安全例外条款一定程度上回应了规制需求，但仅在个别协定设置了适用于数据跨境传输的特别例外，尚未形成具有普适意义的示范条款，仍然存在不足。国内现有法律已经为规制数据跨境流动提供了宏观依据，但在制度体系组合层面，仍有很大的优化与细化空间。对此，我国应坚持发展与安全并重的基本理念，采取谨慎但针锋相对的国际竞争政策，建立健全“宽进严出”和“一体多层”的数据跨境流动规则体系，最终引领高标准的国际规则。

Abstract: The cross-border flow of data has spurred the vigorous development of the digital economy, but disorderly data flows can pose national security risks, which have attracted the high attention and active response of legislators in various jurisdictions. The United States and Europe mainly rely on direct restrictive measures, supplemented by foreign investment security reviews and export controls, and have formed a relatively mature method of balancing the economic benefits of cross-border data flows with national security in practice. However, there is a drawback of over-generalization of national security that hinders reasonable data flows. International economic, trade, and investment agreements have responded to the regulatory needs to some extent by expanding the interpretation of the WTO’ s security exception clauses, but only a few agreements have established special exceptions applicable to cross-border data transmission, and there is still a lack of universally significant model clauses. Existing domestic laws have provided a macro basis for regulating cross-border data flows, but there is still a lot of room for optimization and refinement in terms of the combination of the institutional system. In response, our country should adhere to the basic concept of balancing development and security, adopt a cautious but targeted international competition policy, establish and improve a "wide access, strict exit" and "integrated multi-layered" system of rules for cross-border data flows, and ultimately lead the high-standard international rules.

• 来自： 徐朝雨
• 分类： 信息资源管理
• 稿件状态： 已投稿期刊
• 引用： PSSXiv:202411.02025 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202411.02025V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202411.02025
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv202411.02025
• 推荐引用方式： 徐朝雨,王伟.数据跨境流动规制的国家安全考量.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202411.02025.[PSSXiv:202411.02025V1] (点此复制)