人机交互如何影响医生感知自由裁量权？ ——关于医疗人工智能采纳的调查实验

• 作者： 孙茜 ¹ 曹羽 ²
• 作者单位：
  1.  中国科学院大学-公共政策与管理学院

  2.  中国科学院大学-中丹学院
• 发布时间：2024-12-13

摘要: 人工智能在医疗场景的快速落地，有效提升了医生诊疗决策效率和我国医疗服务供给能力，但同时也冲击了医生感知自由裁量权的边界。医疗人工智能与医生个体间的人机交互成为影响医生感知自由裁量权的重要因素，然而人机交互对医生感知自由裁量权的影响关系尚缺乏实证研究。本文以我国三级医疗机构的医生群体为调研对象，基于社会技术系统理论和复杂性理论视角，进行了3*2的被试间调查实验研究。结果发现人机交互对医生感知自由裁量权有正向影响。在此基础上本文进一步探究了情境复杂性的影响作用，结果发现复杂情境正向调节人机交互对医生感知自由裁量权的影响，且在人机交互较低时，与不考虑情境复杂性相比，低复杂情境与更大的医生感知自由裁量权相关。同时，本文进一步发现医生感知自由裁量权越高，越有利于促进人工智能的采纳。本文的研究结论不仅对于人工智能时代下公共服务范式变革与街头官僚感知自由裁量权研究具有重要理论贡献，而且对于确保人工智能决策的益处被安全优质采纳、提升我国医疗服务供给能力具有重要实践价值。

Abstract: The rapid implementation of artificial intelligence in healthcare has effectively improved the decision-making efficiency of doctors and service delivery capacity of China’s healthcare system. However, it has also challenged the boundaries of doctors' perceived discretion. Human-AI interaction between AI and doctors significantly influences this perception, yet empirical studies on this relationship remain limited. This paper focuses on the doctors in Chinese hospitals, utilizing a 3*2 inter-subject experimental study grounded in sociotechnical systems theory and complexity theory. The results reveal that Human-AI interaction has a positive impact on doctors' perceived discretion. Building on this, the paper further explores the effect of situational complexity, finding that complex situations positively moderate the impact of Human-AI interaction on doctors' perceived discretion. Moreover, in cases of lower Human-AI interaction, compared to not considering situational complexity, low complexity situations are associated with greater doctors' perceived discretion. Additionally, the paper finds that higher levels of doctors' perceived discretion are more conducive to the adoption of AI. The conclusions of this study not only contribute significantly to the theoretical research on public service paradigm shifts and street-level bureaucrats' perceived discretion in the age of AI but also have important practical value for ensuring the safe and high-quality adoption of AI decisions, thereby enhancing medical service delivery capacity.

• 来自： 曹羽
• 分类： 公共管理学 >> 社会医学与卫生事业管理
• 稿件状态： 已投稿期刊
• 引用： PSSXiv:202412.00647 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202412.00647V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202412.00647
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202412.00647
• 推荐引用方式： 孙茜,曹羽.人机交互如何影响医生感知自由裁量权？ ——关于医疗人工智能采纳的调查实验.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202412.00647.[PSSXiv:202412.00647V1] (点此复制)