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从“义”的经济学到“社会主义”政治 ——康有为、陈焕章的“理财学”文化构想

From "Righteous" Economics to "Socialist" Politics — — Kang Youwei and Chen Huanzhang’s Cultural Conception of "Financial Management"

摘要: [摘要]:康有为继承董仲舒以“人我之别”释“仁义”的主张,有“经世”之意,但融会“通”与“敛”的判断,崇“仁”贬“义”,有异于董子以来的政治主张。其中,“理财学”经历了由“敛”到“通”的关键转变,而兼有“通”和“义”的二重属性,其后果是,一方面使文化意义上的“经济”构成为政治正当性的依据,另一方面对“理财”之主体“国家”作出限定,将“大同”落于天下与国家间的“社会”。在此基础上,陈焕章结合“正义”的经济学与“义”的儒学,推出“社会主义性质”的政治。由“经济”进于“政治”的构想虽与后来传入的马克思主义不同,但在认识论上为中国接受科学社会主义作了思想铺垫,有助于理解传统政治与当代中国特色社会主义的结合。

Abstract: [Abstract]: Kang Youwei inherited Dong Zhongshu’s idea of interpreting "benevolence and righteousness" with "the difference between self and others", which had the meaning of "statecraft", but he integrated the judgment of "communication" and "restraint", and advocated "benevolence" and belittled "righteousness", which was different from Dong Zhongshu’s political ideas. Among them, "financial management" has undergone a key transformation from "convergence" to "communication", and has the dual attributes of "communication" and "righteousness", which results in that, on the one hand, the "economy" in the cultural sense constitutes the basis of political legitimacy, on the other hand, the "country" as the main body of "financial management" is limited, and the "great harmony" falls into the "society" between the world and the country. On this basis, Chen Huanzhang put forward the politics of "socialist nature" by combining the economics of "justice" with the Confucianism of "righteousness". Although the conception of "politics" from "economy" is different from the later introduction of Marxism, it paves the way for China to accept scientific socialism in epistemology and helps to understand the combination of traditional politics and contemporary socialism with Chinese characteristics.

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[V1] 2025-01-27 09:48:06 PSSXiv:202501.02328V1 下载全文
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