从压力到动力：基层政府绩效考核的压力识别及转换路径 　

• 作者： 黄振华黄洪凯 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  华中师范大学 政治学与国家治理研究院
• 发布时间：2025-02-10

摘要: 绩效考核是推进基层治理现代化的重要方式和衡量治理效能的重要标尺，对于调动基层干部积极性和提升基层治理效能具有十分重要的作用。既有研究对于绩效考核压力的分析偏向负面消极，而对考核压力与治理动力的内在关联及其转换路径缺乏足够关注。对此，基于对基层政府绩效考核的压力识别，提出功能型压力、饱和型压力和过载型压力三种压力类型。不同类型的考核压力是动力与负担属性由于强弱不同而呈现的类型差异，反映了考核压力与治理效能的内在关联。进一步研究表明，负载型压力将引发考核内卷化，其生成源于考核主体的条块分割、考核内容的主副倒置、考核过程的重复行政以及考核结果的趋利避责。为实现基层政府绩效考核从过载型压力向正向动力的有效转化，避免考核内卷化造成政府负担和治理低效，未来应注重理顺绩效考核中的条块关系、统筹绩效考核的主副点面关系、优化基层政府绩效考核的职责与流程、树立绩效考核的正确政绩观。

Abstract: Performance appraisal is an important way to promote the modernization of grassroots governance and an important criterion for measuring governance effectiveness. It plays a very important role in mobilizing the enthusiasm of grassroots cadres and improving the efficiency of grassroots governance. Existing research tends to analyze performance appraisal pressure in a negative and pessimistic fashion， without paying sufficient attention to the intrinsic relationship and transformative path between the pressure caused by appraisal and governance motivation. Therefore， based on the pressure identification of grassroots government performance appraisal， three types of pressure are proposed： functional pressure， saturated pressure， and overloaded pressure. Difference in types of pressure is the presentation of the power difference in the attributes of motivation and burden， which manifests the inner relation between pressure caused by performance appraisal and governance efficiency. Further research shows that overloaded pressure will lead to the involution of appraisal， which is caused by the segmentation of assessment subjects， the inversion of the main and secondary assessment content， the repetitive administration of assessment processes， and the pursuit of interests and avoidance of responsibility in assessment results. In order to effectively transform the performance appraisal of grassroots governments from overloaded pressure to positive motivation， and avoid the burden and governance inefficiency caused by the involution， attention should be paid to straightening out the strip-block relationship， coordinating the main and secondary points， optimizing the responsibilities and processes of grassroots government performance appraisal， and establishing a right view of political achievements in performance appraisal.

• 分类： 政治学 >> 政治学理论
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》 2025年 第1期 “中国农村研究”专栏
• 引用： PSSXiv:202502.00389 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202502.00389V1)
  DOI:10.19992/j.cnki.1000-2456.2025.01.004
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv202502.00389
• 推荐引用方式： 黄振华黄洪凯.从压力到动力：基层政府绩效考核的压力识别及转换路径 　.华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）,2025(1).[DOI:10.19992/j.cnki.1000-2456.2025.01.004] (点此复制)