从前科消灭制度到轻微犯罪记录封存制度

• 作者： 兰跃军 ¹ 唐琳 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  上海大学法学院
• 通讯作者： 兰跃军 
• 发布时间：2025-03-04

摘要: 我国犯罪结构呈现出轻罪案件占比与轻刑适用率双上升，刑法的积极预防理念以及轻罪犯罪圈的扩张，标志着我国轻罪时代不再遥远。党的二十届三中全会提出建立轻微犯罪记录封存制度，为解决轻微犯罪附随后果异化的问题提供指引。本文以犯罪记录封存制度与前科消灭制度比较为切入，探讨了前科消灭制度为何难以构建，以及轻微犯罪的治理为什么选择了犯罪记录封存制度，同时比较考察域外主要国家相关制度，从范围界定、条件限定及程序设计提出构建我国轻微犯罪封存消灭制度的若干构想。

Abstract: China’s crime structure shows that the proportion of misdemeanor cases and the application rate of light punishment are both rising, and the active prevention concept of criminal law and the expansion of the crime circle of misdemeanor indicate that the era of misdemeanor in China is no longer far away. The Third Plenary Session of the Twentieth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China put forward the establishment of the system of sealing up the records of minor crimes, which provides guidance for solving the problem of alienation of the incidental consequences of minor crimes. Based on the comparison between the criminal record sealing system and the criminal record elimination system, this paper discusses why the criminal record elimination system is difficult to construct, and why the criminal record sealing system is chosen for the governance of minor crimes, and compares the relevant systems of major foreign countries, and puts forward some ideas on the construction of the criminal record sealing and elimination system of minor crimes in China from the scope definition, condition limitation and procedure design.

• 来自： 唐琳
• 分类： 法学 >> 刑法学
• 说明： 投稿会议信息：改文章已经投稿“中国刑法学研究会2024年全国年会”，并被收录入论文集。
• 稿件状态： 已投稿会议
会议名称： 平台智声|“中国刑法学研究会2024年全国年会”论文结集
• 引用： PSSXiv:202503.00179 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202503.00179V1)
  DOI:国家社科基金后期资助项目
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv202503.00179
• 推荐引用方式： 兰跃军,唐琳.从前科消灭制度到轻微犯罪记录封存制度.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202503.00179.[PSSXiv:202503.00179V1] (点此复制)