约束与激励：基层社会治理中的政策动员类型及其运作逻辑——多案例扎根方法分析

• 作者： 吴文旭 ¹ 倪咸林 ²
• 作者单位：
  1.  南京大学政府管理学院

  2.  南京师范大学公共管理学院
• 通讯作者： 吴文旭 
• 发布时间：2025-03-24

摘要: 摘 要：基层社会治理中的政策动员是基层政府为调适国家政策与现实民情张力，运用合理手段寻求政策对象配合的行为。尽管部分学者已经通过单案例分析提出一些政策动员的类型化概念，但是仍旧缺乏合理的分类标准和相对普适的解释框架。因此，本研究采用扎根方法，对现有文献中收集到的基层社会治理政策动员案例文本进行三级编码，逐步探索出一套概念体系与关系框架。研究发现，相较于政治动员和行政动员，政策动员应当被视为常规治理环境中的政策行动，勾连出一个国家和社会共同在场的特定治理场域。约束性和激励性是理解基层社会治理中政策动员过程的两个重要维度，从约束性（硬—软）与激励性（强—弱）两个维度构建基层社会治理中的政策动员类型谱系，可以推导四种政策动员类型。项目式政策动员是基层政府为推动上级刚性注意力分配政策实施，运用一系列手段排除阻力，以驱动专项工程有效推进的过程；普惠式政策动员是在行政资源薄弱、民众反应敏感的领域，基层政府通过提供公益性民生服务产品以寻求政策对象认同的过程；督导式政策动员是在面对紧急性公共政策任务时，基层党委政府采取临时性党政介入方式提升社会组织效率的过程；自维式政策动员是基层政府针对执行成本高、有效监管难、外部效应强的政策对象，通过外部吸纳群众和自治组织进行政策目标自我达成的过程。结合实践案例，进一步分析了基层政府运用不同类型政策动员策略推动公共政策执行的一般运作逻辑。

Abstract: Abstract: Policy mobilization in grassroots social governance is the behavior of grassroots governments to seek cooperation from policy objects by using reasonable means to adjust the tension between national policies and actual public sentiment. Although some scholars have proposed some typological concepts of policy mobilization through single case analysis, there is still a lack of reasonable classification standards and relatively universal explanatory frameworks. Therefore, this study adopts a grounded method to perform three-level coding on the case texts of grassroots social governance policy mobilization collected from existing literature, and gradually explores a set of conceptual systems and relationship frameworks. The study found that compared with political mobilization and administrative mobilization, policy mobilization should be regarded as a policy action in a conventional governance environment, linking a specific governance field where the state and society are present together. Constraints and incentives are two important dimensions for understanding the policy mobilization process in grassroots social governance. From the two dimensions of constraints (hard-soft) and incentives (strong-weak), the spectrum of policy mobilization types in grassroots social governance can be constructed, and four types of policy mobilization can be derived. Project-based policy mobilization is a process in which grassroots governments use a series of means to eliminate resistance and drive the effective advancement of special projects in order to promote the implementation of the rigid attention allocation policy of superiors; inclusive policy mobilization is a process in which grassroots governments seek recognition from policy objects by providing public welfare livelihood service products in areas where administrative resources are weak and people’s reactions are sensitive; supervisory policy mobilization is a process in which grassroots party committees and governments take temporary party and government intervention to improve the efficiency of social organizations in the face of urgent public policy tasks; self-maintaining policy mobilization is a process in which grassroots governments achieve policy goals by attracting the masses and autonomous organizations from outside for policy objects with high implementation costs, difficult effective supervision, and strong external effects. Combined with practical cases, this paper further analyzes the general operating logic of grassroots governments using different types of policy mobilization strategies to promote the implementation of public policies.

• 来自： 吴文旭
• 分类： 公共管理学 >> 行政管理
• 稿件状态： 已投稿期刊
• 引用： PSSXiv:202503.01561 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202503.01561V2)
  DOI:10.12451/202503.01561
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv202503.01561
• 推荐引用方式： 吴文旭,倪咸林.约束与激励：基层社会治理中的政策动员类型及其运作逻辑——多案例扎根方法分析.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202503.01561.[PSSXiv:202503.01561V2] (点此复制)