“神化”考试：科举与高考下的荒诞“成功学”

• 作者： 陈子曦 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  乌鲁木齐职业大学
• 发布时间：2025-04-26

摘要: 在华夏文明源远流长的历史演进中，考试文化宛如一条坚韧且绵亘不绝的纽带，紧密地交织于社会发展的每一处纹理与脉络之中。本研究以深度且全面剖析中国社会对考试所怀有的那种近乎炽热与执着的现象作为切入点，运用极为细致入微的笔触，全方位、多层次地梳理从科举制度初始萌芽的远古时期，直至现代高考制度蓬勃发展的当下，这一漫长历史跨度中考试文化所呈现出的传承轨迹、遭遇的现实困厄，以及潜藏于表象之下的深层次社会文化因素，并凭借极具前瞻性与开拓性的思维，积极探寻突破当前困境的有效路径与策略。
 
研究过程中，综合运用多维度、多视角的研究方法，其中涵盖了从浩如烟海、汗牛充栋的典籍文献中深度挖掘历史信息的文献研究法，以时间为精准轴，深入剖析不同时代考试文化细微变迁的历史分析法，以及通过捕捉具体而鲜活、具有典型性的事例来洞察现象背后本质的案例研究法。本研究旨在深度揭示科举制度对中国社会集体潜意识所产生的那种潜移默化却又极为深远的影响，以及这种影响在当代高考时代所呈现出的延续性特征与变异倾向。研究结果清晰地表明，科举文化中所蕴含的浓厚功利性导向，以及全社会过度重视考试的心理惯性等因素，在当今高考语境下依旧顽固地存续着，并由此引发了一系列错综复杂、盘根错节的问题。为成功突破这些困境，亟待从教育理念的重塑与革新、社会评价体系的深度变革与完善等多个维度，展开全面、深入且系统的改革与创新。本研究对于深入理解独具华夏特色的中国教育文化现象，进而推动教育与社会的协同共进、和谐共生，无疑具有不可估量、举足轻重的重要理论价值与现实指导意义。

Abstract:  In the long and profound historical evolution of Chinese civilization, examination culture is like a resilient and continuous bond, closely intertwined with every texture and thread of social development. This study takes a deep and comprehensive analysis of the almost passionate and persistent phenomenon of Chinese society towards exams as the starting point, using extremely meticulous strokes to comprehensively and multi-level sort out the inheritance trajectory, practical difficulties encountered, and deep-seated social and cultural factors hidden beneath the surface of exam culture from the ancient period when the imperial examination system first emerged to the current flourishing development of the modern college entrance examination system. With highly forward-looking and pioneering thinking, it actively explores effective paths and strategies to break through the current difficulties.
 
In the research process, a multidimensional and multi perspective research method was comprehensively applied, including the literature research method of deeply mining historical information from a vast sea of ancient literature, the historical analysis method of analyzing the subtle changes in examination culture in different eras with time as the precise axis, and the case study method of capturing specific and vivid typical examples to insight into the essence behind the phenomenon. This study aims to deeply reveal the subtle yet profound impact of the imperial examination system on the collective subconscious of Chinese society, as well as the continuity and variability of this impact in the contemporary era of the college entrance examination. The research results clearly indicate that the strong utilitarian orientation contained in the imperial examination culture, as well as the psychological inertia of the whole society’s excessive emphasis on exams, still stubbornly exist in the current context of the college entrance examination, and have thus triggered a series of complex and tangled problems. To successfully overcome these challenges, it is urgent to carry out comprehensive, in-depth, and systematic reforms and innovations from multiple dimensions, such as reshaping and reforming educational concepts, and deeply reforming and improving social evaluation systems. This study undoubtedly has immeasurable and crucial theoretical value and practical guidance significance for a deeper understanding of the unique Chinese educational and cultural phenomena, and for promoting the coordinated progress and harmonious coexistence between education and society.

• 来自： 陈子曦
• 分类： 教育学
• 稿件状态： 已被期刊评审中
• 引用： PSSXiv:202504.03246 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202504.03246V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202504.03246
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202504.03246
• 推荐引用方式： 陈子曦.“神化”考试：科举与高考下的荒诞“成功学”.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202504.03246.[PSSXiv:202504.03246V1] (点此复制)