论中国古代的“治求均平”传统——兼论共同富裕实现路径的历史经验

• 作者： 张锋 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  华北理工大学
• 发布时间：2024-12-04

摘要: 将社会财富在社会成员间均平分配，以求全社会上下同心同德，令国家臻于至治的“治求均平”，是中国法律文明中的宝贵经验和优秀传统。“均平”思想在中国历史中源远流长，肇端于传说的圣王时代，确立于殷周时代，为秦、汉、唐各朝相沿损益，形成以“计口授田”为主要实现途径的“均平之治”传统。在社会治理实践中，“均平之治”的局面反复因社会经济发展和官贵豪强势力的膨胀而走向破坏，从而致使下层群众与统治阶级离心离德，出现王朝衰落的“德衰”局面，最终导致王朝覆亡。中唐“两税法”改革以后，中国的统治者不再追求“均田”而改以“均税”之法求“均平”，虽有一定效果，但罕能达到前代“均平之治”的水平。宋、元、明、清各朝，皆承此弊而未能解决“均平”问题，导致这些王朝的内部矛盾始终比较尖锐，长期处于统治危机之中。这种危机根植于社会贫富分化导致的严重社会对立，直至1947年土地改革之后才得以比较彻底的解决。中国共产党通过土地改革重建和绍续了周、汉、唐时代的“计口授田”传统，为如何实现社会财富的均平分配、在现代社会实现“均平之治”，提供了宝贵的实践经验。

Abstract: The equitable distribution of social wealth among the members of society, in pursuit of unity and common aspiration for the nation to achieve the ultimate state of governance, known as "the governance of Jun Ping (equity)," is a precious experience and an outstanding tradition in Chinese legal civilization. The concept of "Jun Ping " has a long and profound history in China, originating in the legendary era of sage kings, established during the Yin and Zhou dynasties, and continuously refined by the Qin, Han, and Tang dynasties, forming a tradition of "equitable governance" primarily implemented through the "allocation of land per capita". In the practice of social governance, the situation of "equitable governance" has repeatedly been disrupted due to the development of the social economy and the expansion of the power of officials and the wealthy, leading to a divergence of interests between the lower classes and the ruling class, resulting in a "decline in De (virtue)" and ultimately leading to the downfall of the dynasty. After the "Two-Tax Law" reform launched in the mid-Tang period, The Chinese rulers no longer pursued "equal land distribution" but instead sought "Jun Ping (equity)" through the "equal tax" method, which had some effect but rarely reached the level of "equitable governance" of previous generations. The Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties all inherited this problem and failed to resolve the issue of "Jun Ping (equity)," leading to persistently sharp internal contradictions and a long-term state of governance crisis. This crisis was rooted in the serious social antagonism caused by the wealth gap, and it was not thoroughly resolved until the land reform in China after 1947. The Chinese Communist Party, through the land reform, has reconstructed and continued the tradition of " allocation of land per capita" from the Zhou, Han, and Tang dynasties, providing valuable practical experience on how to achieve an equitable distribution of social wealth and to realize the "governance of equality" in modern society. This has positive historical reference value for achieving "common prosperity" in contemporary China.
 

• 来自： 张锋
• 分类： 法学 >> 法律史
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202409.00190 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202409.00190V2)
  DOI:10.12451/202409.00190
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv202409.00190
• 推荐引用方式： 张锋.论中国古代的“治求均平”传统——兼论共同富裕实现路径的历史经验.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202409.00190.[PSSXiv:202409.00190V2] (点此复制)