冷战视阈下对1952年德以赔偿协议谈判的考察

• 作者： 陈志臻 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  中国人民大学
• 发布时间：2024-12-31

摘要: 本文以1952年德以赔偿协议的谈判过程为中心，结合冷战国际格局，从联邦德国、以色列、美国和阿拉伯国家的多方视角，探讨了这一历史性事件的推动因素及其深远影响。虽然德以赔偿谈判的道德叙事长期主导大众记忆，但事实上，冷战背景下的现实政治才是其核心动力。美国在谈判中扮演了关键角色，通过推动联邦德国进行赔偿以支持以色列，同时避免直接激化阿拉伯世界的反对。联邦德国则将赔偿作为重建国际形象和融入西方阵营的重要手段，而以色列在建国初期通过道德和经济诉求，巧妙利用冷战格局谋求国家生存与发展。阿拉伯国家的抗议虽然强烈，却因对西方援助的依赖而未能形成实质性阻碍。从冷战国际史的视角重新审视德以赔偿谈判，这一事件不仅是德国对历史罪行的反思，也是冷战力量博弈中的产物。赔偿协议的快速达成与高额金额，体现了道德与现实政治的交织，以及国际社会在冷战逻辑下的复杂互动，突破了传统的单一叙事模式，为理解战后德以关系、冷战时期的中东政治及西方阵营的内部运作提供了新的分析框架。

Abstract: This paper focuses on the 1952 negotiations of the Germany-Israel reparations agreement, analyzed within the context of the Cold War international order. It explores the driving forces and far-reaching impacts of this historic event from the perspectives of West Germany, Israel, the United States, and Arab nations. While the moral narrative of the reparations negotiations has traditionally dominated public memory, it was, in fact, the practical politics of the Cold War that served as the primary impetus. The United States played a crucial role, promoting West German reparations to support Israel while carefully avoiding actions that would provoke significant opposition from the Arab world. For West Germany, reparations were a key strategy for rebuilding its international image and securing integration into the Western bloc. Meanwhile, in its early statehood, Israel utilized moral and economic claims to adeptly navigate Cold War geopolitics in pursuit of survival and development. Despite strong protests from Arab nations, their reliance on Western aid limited their ability to impose meaningful resistance. Viewed through the lens of Cold War international history, the Germany-Israel reparations negotiations reflect not only a reckoning with Germany’s historical crimes but also the broader dynamics of Cold War power struggles. The rapid conclusion of the agreement and the significant compensation involved illustrate the interplay of moral considerations and realpolitik, alongside the complex interactions within the Cold War-era international community. This analysis moves beyond traditional single-narrative interpretations, offering a new framework for understanding postwar Germany-Israel relations, Cold War-era Middle Eastern politics, and the internal dynamics of the Western bloc.

• 来自： 陈志臻
• 分类： 历史学 >> 世界史
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202412.01662 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202412.01662V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202412.01662
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv202412.01662
• 推荐引用方式： 陈志臻.冷战视阈下对1952年德以赔偿协议谈判的考察.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202412.01662.[PSSXiv:202412.01662V1] (点此复制)