孔门志论中的理想教育初探

• 作者： 石超 ¹ 王景然 ¹ 樊佳琳 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  中国石油大学（华东）
• 通讯作者： 王景然 
• 发布时间：2025-01-17

摘要: 孔门论志既有名词的用法，亦有动词的用法，前者重视志的内容，后者强调志的目标，而内容与目标所共同构成的应然指向，则是以个体成人来推动实现天下有道。这样一种应然之志、君子之志具有三重特征，首先是必要性与重要性，集中体现在树立远大志向与终极目标对于个人成长与社会发展的不可或缺性；其次是社会性与利他性，表现在个体之志要以血缘宗法为根基，并强调要超越个人利益，致力于齐家、治国、平天下；最后是崇高性与超越性，这要求所立之志必须始终围绕道与仁这两个核心价值追求而展开，并需具备形上伦理品质，即强调他者优先的主体间性，这是人之所以为人的本质所在。总之，孔门理想教育具有积极入世、博施济众、以天下为己任等古今通用的普遍价值，是当下理想教育所必须继承的优秀传统文化资源。

Abstract: The term "Zhi（志）" in the Analects of Confucius is used both as a noun and a verb, the former emphasizes the content of "Zhi（志）", and the latter emphasizes the goal of "Zhi（志）"．The inevitable orientation jointly constituted by the content and the goal is to promote the realization of "the world being in order" through individual growth; Such an inevitable aspiration and the "Zhi（志）" of a gentleman have three characteristics. First, necessity and importance, which are mainly embodied in the indispensability of setting up lofty aspirations and ultimate goals for personal growth and social development; Second, sociality and altruism, which are manifested in that individual’s aspiration should be based on consanguinity and patriarchal clan system, and it emphasizes the need to transcend personal interests and be committed to regulating the family, governing the state and bringing peace to the world; Finally, sublimity and transcendence are emphasized. It is proposed that the aspiration one sets should always revolve around the two core value pursuits of "Dao（道）" and "Ren（仁）", and should possess the metaphysical ethical quality. That is, the intersubjectivity of giving priority to others is the essential stipulation for what a human being is; In general, Confucian ideal education has the universal values applicable both in ancient and modern times, such as actively participating in the world, delivering extensive benefits to the people, and taking the world as one’s own responsibility. Although it is inevitably accompanied by such limitations of the times as insufficient scientific nature, single subjectivity, and lack of diversity, it is still a fine traditional cultural resource that must be inherited by current ideal education.

• 来自： 石超
• 分类： 哲学 >> 中国哲学 教育学 >> 教育史
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202501.01663 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202501.01663V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202501.01663
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202501.01663
• 推荐引用方式： 石超,王景然,樊佳琳.孔门志论中的理想教育初探.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202501.01663.[PSSXiv:202501.01663V1] (点此复制)