探望权执行的困境与出路——基于探望权纠纷执行案件的实证考察

• 作者： 杨程硕 ¹ 王培松 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  北京市丰台区人民法院
• 通讯作者： 杨程硕 
• 发布时间：2025-01-21

摘要: 探望权在司法裁判与强制执行阶段表现出不同的实践特征，分析其表象特征可发现探望权纠纷执行的现实困境主要集中在缺乏明确规范指引、审执联动效果不佳、探望方式机械僵硬以及结案方式模糊不清四个方面，其根源在于缺乏理论体系的妥当指引。由此，通过锚定并分析探望权的核心要素可以发现，探望权的权利性质应为兼具权利与义务属性的复合型身份权，探望权的行使原则应以未成年人权益最大化原则为指引，并据此设计出基于未成年人行为能力的界分层级。根据以权利性质、行使原则以及实现模式为核心要素的理论体系，探望权执行不仅需要在纵向层面构建“规范指引——联动机制——法律责任”的整体性司法适用路径，还应在横向层面以全局性视角着手设计包含“抓前端——治未病——审全局”的系统化审执联动机制。

Abstract: Visitation right shows different practical characteristics in the stage of judicial adjudication and enforcement. By analyzing its appearance characteristics, it can be found that the practical difficulties in the implementation of visitation right disputes mainly focus on four aspects: the lack of clear normative guidance, the poor effect of trial and execution linkage, the mechanical rigidity of visitation mode and the ambiguity of settlement mode. The root cause lies in the lack of proper guidance of theoretical system. Therefore, by anchoring and analyzing the core elements of the visitation right, it can be found that the right nature of the visitation right should be a compound identity right with both rights and obligations, and the exercise principle of the visitation right should be guided by the principle of maximizing the rights and interests of minors. Based on this, a boundary hierarchy based on the behavior ability of minors is designed. According to the theoretical system with the nature of rights, the principle of exercise and the mode of realization as the core elements, the implementation of visitation right not only needs to construct the overall judicial application path of ‘normative guidance-linkage mechanism-legal responsibility’ at the vertical level, but also needs to design a systematic trial and execution linkage mechanism including ‘grasping the front end-preventing disease-examining the overall situation’ from a global perspective at the horizontal level.

• 来自： 杨程硕
• 分类： 法学 >> 诉讼法学
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202501.02125 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202501.02125V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202501.02125
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202501.02125
• 推荐引用方式： 杨程硕,王培松.探望权执行的困境与出路——基于探望权纠纷执行案件的实证考察.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202501.02125.[PSSXiv:202501.02125V1] (点此复制)