观念先导:稷下学宫与帝国治理的法家蓄势

• 作者： 任剑涛 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  清华大学 社会科学学院
• 发布时间：2025-02-25

摘要:     自春秋战国时代,中国面临从王国治理走向帝国治理的大转变。 这中间存在一个分合的过程:春秋是由统一中央王权走向分离的诸侯王分治的阶段;战国则是从诸侯王治理逐渐趋向统一帝制的过程。 诸侯的争胜,正是
对这一趋势的自觉。 齐国的稷下学宫在这一过程中发挥的作用令人瞩目:从政治的角度看,稷下学宫将不同思想流派的治国主张聚合在一起,为形成一个足以引导已经呈现轮廓的新型国家即帝国的治理聚集思想资源,让政治思想
服务于政治需要的趋势有了浮现而出的契机。 从思想的角度看,稷下学宫为不同思想流派的相与争锋提供了场所,一改此前不同场域的彼此攻讦局面,为主流思潮的出场蓄积了思想势能。 其间,法家思想借助稷下学宫的主潮即黄
老思想而储备了观念资源,仰仗前期法家的思想积累而磨砺了观念锋芒与发现了政治切入口。 从观念与政治的互动史来看,三次主导稷下学宫的荀子理念,为法家形成引导帝国治理的思想确定了方向。 稷下学宫这个观念与政治
互砺的场所,是先秦仅见的为帝国治理蓄势之所。

Abstract:     During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, China faced a major transition from governance by kingdoms to governance by an empire. There was a process of division and unification: the Spring and Autumn period witnessed centralized royal power moving towards ruling of separate feudal lords; the Warring States period, in contrast, saw governance by feudal lords gradually transiting towards a unified imperial system. The contention among the feudal lords was an evidence of their awareness of this trend. Jixia Academy of Qi State played a remarkable role in this process: politically, it provided an opportunity for emergence of the trend to make political thought serve the trend of political needs by aggregating governance propositions from different schools of thought and consequently gathering ideological resources to guide the emerging of an empire. Ideologically, by changing the previous situation of mutual attacks among different arenas and providing a venue for different schools of thought to compete, it accumulated ideological potential for the emergence of mainstream thought. Among these schools of thought, Legalism, with help of the main
current of the Jixia Academy, namely Huang - Lao thought, established its key conceptual resources. In this way, Legalism honed the edge of its concepts and found political entry. Judging from the history of the interaction between concepts and politics, Xuntzu’s philosophy, which led the Jixia Academy for three times, determined the direction for Legalism to form the thought guiding imperial governance. The Jixia Academy, as a field where concepts and politics encountered and nourished each other, is a unique pre - Qin venue for promoting legalism’s momentum in the upcoming imperial governance.

• 分类： 哲学 >> 中国哲学 法学 >> 法律史
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《管子学刊》 2025年 第1期
• 引用： PSSXiv:202502.01380 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202502.01380V1)
  DOI:10. 19321 / j. cnki. gzxk. issn1002-3828. 2025. 01. 02
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202502.01380
• 推荐引用方式： 任剑涛.观念先导:稷下学宫与帝国治理的法家蓄势.管子学刊,2025(1).[DOI:10. 19321 / j. cnki. gzxk. issn1002-3828. 2025. 01. 02] (点此复制)