孔庙起源时间问题的驳论与新解

• 作者： 张彦聪 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  河南财经政法大学
• 通讯作者： 张彦聪 
• 发布时间：2025-03-24

摘要: 孔庙起源时间问题长期存在学术争议，主要围绕孔传“鲁哀公十七年立庙说”与孔祥林“孔伋卒后改庙说”展开。“鲁哀公十七年立庙说”是一种虚构的官方化叙事，采用“要素抽离-嵌入”方式形成了杂糅多种记载的“追加衍生之辞”。“孔伋卒后改庙说”将孔子崇拜割裂为孔子纪念馆与家庙祭祀，与先秦宗庙礼制相悖，脱离家族祭祀的“纯粹的孔子纪念馆”是一种“功能误读”。孔庙起源应追溯至孔伋依“慎终追远”理念，于“三年之丧”后因循故宅设立，具体起源时间视“三年丧期”执行标准，存在公元前477年和公元前476年两种情况。孔庙起源是宗法社会与文教实践互动的产物，是血缘宗法属性与非血缘文教属性双重作用的结果。孔庙早期形态兼具家庙与文庙特征，标志着先秦至两汉“庙学合一”制度转型的关键节点。孔伋在孔庙起源中的核心角色，揭示了礼制传统与历史语境对孔庙起源的双重塑造，为理解早期孔庙制度化历程提供了新视角。

Abstract: The origin time of the Confucian Temple has long been a subject of academic debate, primarily revolving around two theories: the "Establishment in the 17th Year of Duke Ai of Lu" and the "Conversion after the Death of Kong Ji." The "Establishment in the 17th Year of Duke Ai of Lu" is considered a fictional official narrative, formed through the method of "extraction-embedding," which blends various records into a "derivative account." On the other hand, the "Conversion after the Death of Kong Ji" theory splits the veneration of Confucius into a memorial hall and family temple worship, contradicting the ancestral temple rituals of the pre-Qin period. The notion of a "pure Confucius Memorial Hall" detached from family worship is seen as a "misinterpretation of function." The origin of the Confucian Temple should be traced back to Kong Ji, who, following the principle of "respecting the past and honoring ancestors," established it in the former residence after the "three-year mourning period." The specific origin time depends on the execution standard of the "three-year mourning period," with two possible dates: 477 BCE or 476 BCE. The origin of the Confucian Temple is the result of the interaction between patriarchal society and cultural-educational practices, embodying both bloodline patriarchal attributes and non-bloodline cultural-educational attributes. The early form of the Confucian Temple exhibited characteristics of both a family temple and a cultural temple, marking a critical juncture in the institutional transformation from the pre-Qin period to the Han dynasty, known as the "integration of temple and school." Kong Ji’s central role in the origin of the Confucian Temple reveals the dual shaping of ritual traditions and historical context, providing a new perspective for understanding the institutionalization process of the early Confucian Temple.

• 来自： 张彦聪
• 分类： 历史学 >> 中国史学理论及史学史 教育学 >> 教育学原理 综合学科 >> 综合学科
• 稿件状态： 已投稿期刊
• 引用： PSSXiv:202503.02178 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202503.02178V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202503.02178
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202503.02178
• 推荐引用方式： 张彦聪.孔庙起源时间问题的驳论与新解.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202503.02178.[PSSXiv:202503.02178V1] (点此复制)