“穷理查德”的成长之道：本杰明·富兰克林的家庭教育

• 作者： 蒋玉阳 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  上海第二工业大学
• 发布时间：2025-04-01

摘要: 【摘要】殖民地时期工匠家庭教育是美国早期教育的重要组成部分，本杰明·富兰克林的家庭教育是殖民地时期工匠家庭教育的典型案例，研究本杰明的家庭教育是对美国早期教育史研究的有益补充。已有研究对本杰明的家庭教育关注较少，且持有简单和片面的论断，比如只强调本杰明的自我教育、未认识到家庭的教育作用、忽视作为工匠家庭教育的典型性。本文通过分析传记、日记、文学作品等相关史料，描绘本杰明的家庭教育样貌，从中管窥殖民地时期工匠家庭的教育模式。本杰明的家庭在宗教教育上随意偶然且收效甚微，在道德教育上提倡勤俭并鼓励公益，在智识教育上主要靠孩子自行阅读和探索，在职业教育上放弃神职并选择成为印刷学徒。本杰明的家庭教育能够反映北部殖民地众多“穷理查德”的成长之道，即工匠家庭的教育模式，家庭教育在他人生早期对他影响深远，但又无法提供更多教育资本，这种家庭教育对北部殖民地宗教、道德、智识和经济的建设和繁荣发挥了重要作用。

Abstract: The family education of craftsmen in the colonial period is an important part of early education in the United States. Benjamin Franklin’s family education is a typical case of craftsmen’s family education in the colonial period. The study of Benjamin’s family education is a useful supplement to the study of early education history in the United States. Existing studies have paid little attention to Benjamin’s family education and hold simple and one-sided judgments, such as only emphasizing Benjamin’s self-education, not recognizing the educational role of the family, and ignoring the typicality of craftsmen’s family education. This article describes Benjamin’s family education by analyzing relevant historical materials such as biographies, diaries, and literary works, and takes a glimpse into the educational model of craftsmen’s families in the colonial period. Benjamin’s family was casual and ineffective in religious education, advocated thrift and encouraged public welfare in moral education, relied mainly on children’s self-reading and exploration in intellectual education, and gave up the priesthood and chose to become a printing apprentice in vocational education. Benjamin’s family education reflects the growth path of many “Poor Richards” in the northern colonies, that is, the educational model of a craftsman’s family. Family education had a profound influence on him in his early life, but could not provide more educational capital. This kind of family education played an important role in the construction and prosperity of religion, morality, intellect and economy in the northern colonies.

• 来自： 蒋玉阳
• 分类： 教育学 >> 教育史
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202504.00243 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202504.00243V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202504.00243
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202504.00243
• 推荐引用方式： 蒋玉阳.“穷理查德”的成长之道：本杰明·富兰克林的家庭教育.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202504.00243.[PSSXiv:202504.00243V1] (点此复制)