北极航道环境治理的法律挑战与制度因应

• 作者： 章成 ¹ 杨嘉琪 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院
• 通讯作者： 章成 
• 发布时间：2025-01-22

摘要: 北极航道作为欧亚大陆和北美大陆各商业港与主要经济发达区域之间的航道，自开通以来饱受争议。争议内容主要是北极航道的法律地位。在全球变暖的大背景下，北极航道环境的脆弱性愈加凸显，法律地位不明对航道环境治理带来了极大阻碍。出台《极地规则》旨在统一航行规则，并为环境保护提供依据。加拿大与俄罗斯的国内立法与《极地规则》的冲突不仅对航行造成阻碍，也不利于环境治理的开展。《极地规则》自身重技术而轻环保的立法特征也在一定程度上使北极航道的环境治理缺少具有约束力的规则指引。为应对北极航道环境治理所面临的法律挑战，在制度路径上，中国应以北极理事会北极海洋环境保护工作组与国际海事组织为参与北极事务的重心，完善重油与黑碳排放防治机制，并逐步厘清《联合国海洋法公约》“冰封区域条款”的相关争议，为后续更为深入参与北极航道治理打下坚实的理论基础。

Abstract: The Arctic Route, as the shortest connection between commercial ports and major economically developed regions in Eurasia and North America, has been controversial since its opening. The controversial content mainly focuses on the legal status of the Arctic Route, but in the context of global warming, the fragility and sensitivity of the Arctic Route environment have become increasingly prominent, and the unclear legal status has brought great obstacles to the governance of the navigation channel environment. The protection of the Arctic environment is mostly a soft law with limited constraints. The introduction of the Polar Code aims to unify navigation rules and provide guidance for environmental protection. However, the conflict between Canada’s and Russia’s domestic legislation and the Polar Code not only hinders navigation, but also hinders the implementation of environmental governance. The legislative characteristics of the Polar Code, which prioritize technology over environmental protection, to some extent result in a lack of binding rules and guidelines for environmental governance in the Arctic Route. In order to address the legal challenges faced by the environmental governance of the Arctic Route, China should focus on the Arctic Council’s PAME Group and the IMO in its participation in the Arctic affairs, improve the prevention and control mechanism for heavy oil and black carbon emissions, and gradually clarify the relevant disputes of the "Ice-Covered Areas Clause" of the UNCLOS, while laying a solid theoretical foundation for China’s deeper participation in the Arctic Route governance in the future.

• 来自： 章成
• 分类： 理论经济学 >> 人口、资源与环境经济学 综合学科 >> 综合学科 法学 >> 环境与资源保护法学 法学 >> 国际法学
• 稿件状态： 已在期刊出版
期刊名称： 《华东理工大学学报（社会科学版）》 2024年 第6期
• 引用： PSSXiv:202501.02192 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202501.02192V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202501.02192
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv202501.02192
• 推荐引用方式： 章成,杨嘉琪.北极航道环境治理的法律挑战与制度因应.华东理工大学学报（社会科学版）,2024(6).[PSSXiv:202501.02192V1] (点此复制)