承继、转向与本土化：法典化视野下民国刑事附带民事诉讼体例的嬗变（1921-1935）

• 作者： 胡晓 ¹
• 作者单位：
  1.  上海外国语大学贤达经济人文学院商学院法学系
• 通讯作者： 胡晓 
• 发布时间：2024-11-25

摘要: 民国三次刑事诉讼法典编纂均编入刑事附带民事诉讼，但体例各不相同。北洋政府1921年《刑事诉讼条例》承继清末民初立法成果，以日本、法国体例为参考，改“私诉”称“附带民事诉讼”，仅在总则编入8条原则性条款，具体程序由1914年《私诉暂行规则》单行立法。随着日本20世纪20年代刑事立法理论的德国转向，南京国民政府1928年《刑事诉讼法》采日本、德国体例，“附带民事诉讼”独立成编置于末尾，沿用1921年《刑事诉讼条例》的8条原则性条款，未编入具体程序。基于“社会本位”的立法思想、宽松化国家追诉主义的刑事诉讼立法原则对效率价值追求，南京国民政府1935年《刑事诉讼法》以诉权条款为基础，以既判力规则为核心，融大陆法系两种附带民事诉讼的编纂体例、南京国民政府的政治意识形态、民国司法实践经验于一体，原则性条款在前，依据三审审级阶段续接具体程序条款，在1928年旧案基础上增加程序条款至26条，最终形成第一审“先刑后民”、上诉审“以民为主”的本土化刑事附带民事诉讼法典化编纂体例。

Abstract: All three criminal procedure codes of the Republic of China have included criminal incidental civil action, but the organization of the provisions has varied. The Criminal Procedure Act enacted by the Beiyang government in 1921 built on the legislative achievements of the late Qing and early Republic periods, and drew on the models of Japan and France. It changed "action civile" to "incidental civil action", which included only eight general principles in the General Provisions section. Specific procedures are set out in separate legislation, The Provisional Rules For Action Civile of 1914. With the Japanese criminal legislation theory turning to Germany in the 1920s, The Criminal Procedure Law of Nanjing National Government in 1928 adopted Japanese and German style. "Incidental civil action" was compiled independently and was placed at the end. It follows the 8 articles of principle of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance of 1921, and has not been programmed into specific procedures. Based on the legislative thought of "social orientation", the principle of lenient state prosecutionism in criminal procedure legislation, which pursues efficiency value, the Nationalist Government of Nanjing in 1935 enacted the Criminal Procedure Law with the right of action as its basis and the rule of res judicata as its core, integrating the compilation systems of two types of ancillary civil litigation in the continental legal system, the political ideology of the Nanjing Nationalist Government, and the judicial practice experience of the Republic of China. The order of terms arranges the principle terms before, and continues the specific procedural terms according to the third trial stage. Finally, the codification of the localized codification of criminal incidental civil proceedings in the first instance of " criminal first, civil second" and the appeal trial of " civil first" was formed.

• 来自： 胡晓
• 分类： 法学 >> 法律史 历史学 >> 中国近现代史 法学 >> 诉讼法学
• 稿件状态： 未投稿
• 引用： PSSXiv:202411.02094 (或此版本 PSSXiv:202411.02094V1)
  DOI:10.12451/202411.02094
  CSTR:32012.36.PSSXiv.202411.02094
• 推荐引用方式： 胡晓.承继、转向与本土化：法典化视野下民国刑事附带民事诉讼体例的嬗变（1921-1935）.哲学社会科学预印本平台:https://zsyyb.cn/abs/202411.02094.[PSSXiv:202411.02094V1] (点此复制)