The Redemption of the ‘Will to Win’: An Approach to the Transformation of Zhou Zuoren’s ‘Humanistic’ Thought during the May Fourth Movement
摘要: “五四”落潮期,周作人放弃对现代人道主义的坚守,不再执着从社会体制和普遍人性层面彻底改造社会,转向集中思考如何推动建设完善的个体内在精神世界。周作人提出新颖的理论范式,以一组相对待的范畴“求生意志”/“求胜意志”界定人的“肉的生活”与“内面生活”,以此调整“灵肉一元”的“人学”系统结构;还将从精神生活层面为人类现实困境寻求救赎的努力纳入建构“超越性”的“求胜意志”的活动中,为“内面生活”赋予了新的本质内涵。周作人在持续探究如何建构“求胜意志”的同时,被迫把目光重新凝聚到中国人失去“求生意志”的严峻问题上,严肃指出在中国营建“内面生活”需要满足一个前提,首先必须凭借“求胜意志”唤醒并培育国民的“求生意志”,破除国民精神毫无生机的僵局,具体路径是由所有“独异”个人扩张“求胜意志”,共同建设新文明与新道德。这一“人学”思想转换成果为“生活之艺术”观的提出奠定了基础。
Abstract: Abstract:During the waning phase of the May Fourth Movementꎬ Zhou Zuoren abandoned his commitment to modern humanitarianism and ceased his pursuit of a complete societal transformation from the perspectives of social structure and universal human nature. Insteadꎬ he turned his attention to contemplating how to foster the development of a comprehensive individual inner spiritual world. Zhou Zuoren introduced a novel theoretical paradigmꎬ employing the opposing categories of “will to survive” and “will to win” to delineate human “physical life” and “inner life”. This paradigm aimed to reshape the “human studies” system structure that advocated for the “unity of soul and flesh”. Furthermoreꎬ he incorporated efforts to seek redemption for humanity’ s predicaments from the spiritual dimension into the construction of a “transcendent” will to winꎬ thereby endowing the “ inner life” with a newfound essence. While persistently exploring the construction of the “will to win”ꎬ Zhou Zuoren was compelled to refocus on the pressing issue of the Chinese people losing their “ will to survive”. He solemnly emphasized that the establishment of an “inner life” in China necessitates a precondition: firstlyꎬ the “will to win” must be harnessed to awaken and nurture the “will to survive” among the populaceꎬ thereby breaking the deadlock of a spiritually barren nationality. The specific path involves all “individuals” expanding their “ will to win” and collaboratively constructing a new civilization and morality. This transformation in “ humanistic” thought lays the foundation for the introduction of the “art of life” concept.
[V1] | 2025-04-25 11:21:08 | PSSXiv:202504.03038V1 | 下载全文 |
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